Special Topics Review

Research progress of alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines and their derivatives at home and abroad

Li Yun, Yu Xinhai

（College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai  201620, China）

【Abstract】Alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines and their derivatives have important application value in high performance polymer materials, fine chemicals, aerospace and other fields due to their designability of molecular structure and diversity of functions. Two typical representatives—3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DEDDM) and 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-diethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DMDEDA), were focused in this paper, and the research progress of their synthesis processes at home and abroad was systematically reviewed. The optimization strategies of traditional synthesis routes and the breakthroughs of new catalytic technologies were deeply analyzed, and the characteristics of different synthesis methods in terms of reaction conditions, product yield, purity, and economy were compared. Furthermore, the key roles and application research status of these two types of compounds and their derivative structures in polyimide resin, bismaleimide resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, and corresponding adhesive systems were elaborated in this paper, revealing their mechanisms for improving material processability, mechanical properties, and heat resistance by adjusting the balance of molecular chain rigidity and flexibility. Finally, the future development trend of alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines towards green synthesis, precise design, and multifunctionality was discussed.

【Keywords】alkyl-substituted aromatic diamine; DEDDM; DMDEDA; synthesis process

Research on the collaborative mechanism of “standardization–internationalization” in the evolution of adhesive terminology standard

—A textual comparative analysis based on the old and new editions of GB/T 2943

Shen Yan

(Shanghai Institute of Rubber Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai  201702, China)

【Abstract】The evolution of technical terminology standard is an important issue intertwined with globalization and local innovation. Taking the generational update of “GB/T 2943 Terms of adhesives” from the 2008 edition to the 2025 edition as a case study, the collaborative mechanism of "standardization" and "internationalization" in the modernization transformation of standard texts from three dimensions of "system structure, definition content, and terminology pedigree" was systematically analyzed in this paper. This mechanism drove the function of terminology standard from passive "reflection" to active "construction". This study provided a new analytical perspective for understanding the evolutionary logic of China’s participation in global technology governance through technical standards.

【Keywords】adhesive; terminology standard; standardization; internationalization; collaborative mechanism

Research progress of waste plastic modified asphalt

He Qingjun¹,Tian Wang¹,Fu Kangjie²,Mei Longfei²,Wang Yuxiao²,Zhang Zengping²

(1.Xi'an Hi-tech Zone Chuangfu Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi’an  710119, Shaanxi, China; 2. Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi’an  710064, Shaanxi, China)

【Abstract】With the rapid development of the plastic industry, the discharge of waste plastic continues to rise, and their resource-based disposal has become an urgent environmental and resource challenge worldwide. Meanwhile, the performance shortcomings of traditional matrix asphalt in low-temperature cracking resistance, high-temperature stability, and aging resistance have become increasingly prominent, which is difficult to meet the strict requirements of modern road engineering for pavement materials, leading to a continuous increase in resource investment in road maintenance. In order to simultaneously achieve the multiple goals of improving road performance, ensuring traffic safety, and promoting the recycling of plastic resources, waste plastic-modified asphalt prepared by blending waste plastic with matrix asphalt has gradually become a research focus in the field of road materials. By incorporating waste plastic particles such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), this type of modified asphalt can effectively enhance road durability and significantly improve the high-temperature rutting resistance of pavements. Currently, the research on the correlation between the microstructure and macroscopic performance of waste plastic-modified asphalt mainly relies on technical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The raw material selection, preparation process, and research progress of waste plastic-modified asphalt were systematically reviewed and summarized in this paper, an in-depth analysis of its modification mechanism was conducted, the intrinsic relationship between microstructure and road performance was discussed, the existing problems of this material at the current stage were pointed out, and its future development direction was prospected.

【Keywords】modified asphalt; waste plastic; modification mechanism

Research Report

Preparation and properties of high strength and high temperature resistant silicone pressure sensitive adhesive

Xue Gang, Zhang Xugang, Xue Shuangle,Sun Mingming,

Yuan Zhigang, Song Caiyu, Li Jianhui, Zhang Bin

(Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin  150040, Heilongjiang, China )

【Abstract】Vinyl MQ silicone resin and phenyl silicone rubber were adopted as the base materials in this study, self-synthesized modified MQ silicone resin was introduced to improve the interfacial properties, monofunctional acrylate phosphate was added as the adhesion promoter, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as the crosslinking agent, a type of high strength and high temperature resistant silicone pressure sensitive adhesive was successfully prepared. The effects of resin/rubber mass ratio, dosage of modified resin, addition amount of adhesion promoter and crosslinking process on the properties of pressure sensitive adhesive were systematically investigated. The research results showed that the optimal comprehensive performance of the prepared pressure sensitive adhesive was achieved under the following conditions: the mass ratio of resin to rubber was 14∶10, the mass ratio of modified MQ silicone resin to vinyl MQ silicone resin was 70∶30, the dosage of acrylate phosphate was 0.50 phr, the dosage of BPO was 2.00 phr, and crosslinking was carried out at 180 ℃ for 5 min or 190 ℃ for 3 min. Its 180° peel strength at room temperature and 200 ℃ was 3.33 N/cm and 0.70 N/cm respectively, the initial tack reached No.32 steel ball, the holding power time at 25 ℃ and 125 ℃ was both more than 168 h. The pressure sensitive adhesive also exhibited excellent low temperature resistance (glass transition temperature of -105.9 ℃) and thermal stability (5% thermal weight loss temperature of 359.7 ℃). Its total mass loss of vacuum outgassing was only 0.97%, which met the performance requirements of low outgassing materials for general aerospace components.

【Keywords】silicone pressure sensitive adhesive; peel strength; holding power; glass transition temperature; vacuum outgassing

Preparation and properties of waterborne polyurethane adhesive modified by different bio-based crosslinking agents

Liu Shuchen, Xu Jianing, Huang Min, Sun Ze, Zhou Chao

（College of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun  130012, Jilin, China）

【Abstract】A series of crosslinked modified waterborne polyurethane (WPU) were prepared by using isophorone diisocyanate, polytetramethylene ether glycol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid and 1,4-butanediol as basic raw materials, and introducing gallic acid (GA), phloretin (PRT), and quercetin (QUE) as bio-based crosslinking agents, respectively. The effect of different structure bio-based crosslinking agents on the properties of WPU adhesive was systematically studied. The research results showed that all three crosslinking agents could effectively improve the comprehensive performance of WPU, among which QUE had the most significant modification effect. Compared with unmodified WPU, the tensile strength of WPU-QUE increased to 44.88 MPa, the water absorption rate significantly decreased from 46.43% to 29.76%, the water contact angle increased to 79.3°, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature (T_5%) increased from 258.62 ℃ to 274.71 ℃. At the same time, it exhibited the best bonding performance (T-shaped peel strength of 2.14 N/mm, shear strength of 5.10 MPa, adhesion of 1.34 MPa).This was attributed to the abundance of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and conjugated rigid benzene ring structures in QUE molecules, which could not only form a dense chemical crosslinking network and hydrogen bonding with WPU molecular chains, improving cohesive strength and structural density, but also form strong interfacial bonding at the interface between the adhesive film and the substrate, thereby synergistically endowing WPU with excellent mechanical properties, water resistance, thermal stability, and bonding properties. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development of high performance bio-based modified waterborne polyurethane adhesive.

【Keywords】waterborne polyurethane; adhesive; bio-based crosslinking agent; quercetin; water resistance; bonding performance

Reliability simulation and experimental study of pressure sensitive adhesive for All-in-One desktop panel bonding

Li Zheng¹, Wang Xin², Yu Yong¹, Wang Qin¹,Liu Wenbin³, Fang Weiqiang¹

[1. Reliability Lab, Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing  100094, China; 2.Beijing Adhesion Society, Beijing  100084, China; 3. 3M China R&D Center, Shanghai  200233, China]

【Abstract】With the development of consumer electronic products towards ultra slim design and narrow bezels, the structural design of All-in-One (AIO) desktop has placed higher demands on bonding technology. Taking glass and display panel substrates (PET/TAC) as the research object, the bonding performance of pressure sensitive adhesive on substrates with different surface energies was systematically investigated in this paper. By establishing finite element simulation models for the dynamic cohesive strength, static cohesive strength, and creep bonding failure of adhesive layer, combined with experimental verification, the reliability of AIO panel bonding system was predicted and evaluated. The research first defined the bonding design criteria based on load bearing requirements and the three-level (safety design, risk assessment, non-compliance) testing and evaluation process. The simulation and experimental results showed that the cohesive strength of adhesive layer met the design specifications, while the interfacial bonding strength of low surface energy materials (especially TAC) constituted the primary potential failure risk point. In response to this risk, differentiated process optimization schemes were further proposed based on the simulation results in this study. For PET materials, the bonding strength could be improved by optimizing pressure holding parameters (increasing pressure holding value and extending pressure holding time). For TAC materials, additional primer was required to ensure reliability. Ultimately, both materials passed the 72 hour long-term load test after the implementation of the optimization schemes. This study verified the effectiveness and guiding value of simulation analysis in product bonding risk identification, failure mechanism analysis, and process scheme optimization.

【Keywords】AIO desktop; pressure sensitive adhesive; bonding strength; surface energy; reliability; simulation analysis

Process and Application

Preparation and application of epoxy potting materials for 800V motors in new energy vehicles

Zhuang Xuefeng, Fang Chiyuan, Jiang Yin

(Pulitai Electronic Materials Jiangsu Co., Ltd., Huai’an  211600, Jiangsu, China)

【Abstract】In view of the performance requirements for potting materials of 800 V motors in new energy vehicles under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and stringent thermal cycling, a high performance epoxy potting material was successfully prepared by using 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (TTA21P) and bis[(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)methyl] adipate (TTA26) as the main resins, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as the curing agent, together with epoxy toughening agent (MX154) and spherical thermal conductive filler. By optimizing the formula and curing process, the influence of different components on material properties was systematically investigated. The research results showed that, ⑴ Both bisphenol A and bisphenol F-type epoxy resins could significantly increase the viscosity of component A in the potting material, with bisphenol F-type epoxy resin having lower viscosity and better mechanical properties. ⑵ The introduction of long-chain alicyclic epoxy resin TTA26 significantly improved the toughness of the cured material, and its combination with TTA21P could effectively enhance the toughness of the cured material. ⑶ Adding an appropriate amount of core-shell structure toughening agent MX154 could optimize the tensile strength and fracture toughness of the material. ⑷ On the premise of meeting the basic mechanical properties, material combinations with high glass transition temperature (T_g) should be prioritized to ensure the structural integrity of the potting compounds under stringent temperature cycling of -40 to 180 ℃. ⑸ The optimized formula (A1-B) system prepared was verified by infrared and thermogravimetric analysis for its structural characteristics and high thermal stability (with the 90% thermal weight loss temperature of 368.1 ℃). Compared with similar foreign products, it showed good compatibility in T_g, linear expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and high-low temperature cycling performance. This study provided theoretical basis and technical reference for the development and application of domestic epoxy potting materials for 800 V motors.

【Keywords】new energy vehicle; motor; epoxy resin

Synthesis and performance study of pressure sensitive adhesive for high performance polarizer protective film

Li Xinyang¹,Chen Dengyu¹,Wang Ziping¹,Xu Liqun²,Shi Xiangqian¹, Huang Jie¹,Fan Xueying¹

(1.Beijing Comens New Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing  102599, China;2.Jiangxi WIN Polarizer Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Ji’an  343799, Jiangxi, China)

【Abstract】A high performance acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive with excellent anti-static, exhaust, and aging resistance properties was developed to address the problems of excessive starting force, high block resistance of the adhesive layer, multiple bubbles after pressure defoaming, and poor stability of peeling force over time in pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) used for polarizer protective film. Pressure sensitive adhesive resin (PSA-01) was synthesized by free radical copolymerization using isooctyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate as soft monomers, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and isobornyl acrylate as hard monomers, and introducing functional monomers containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, ethoxy, and amide groups. Protective film samples were prepared by using coating technology, and their structure and properties were analyzed and characterized. The research results showed that, the block resistance of PSA-01 adhesive layer was 4.23×10¹¹ Ω/□. The initial starting force was 55.0 g/25 mm, and after aging at 85 ℃/85%RH for 3 d, the starting force was 60.0 g/25 mm, with no significant climb. The high-speed peeling force was 67.1 g/50 mm, and after aging at 80 ℃ for 14 d, the low-speed and high-speed peeling forces remained stable. After pressure defoaming (55 ℃/0.55 MPa/30 min), there were no bubbles in the film layer. XPS and XRD analysis indicated that the hydrogen bonding and Li⁺ coordination formed by functional monomers enhanced cohesion and anti-static compatibility. In summary, PSA-01 had excellent comprehensive performance, solved industry pain points, and had the potential for widespread application in the field of polarizer protective film.

【Keywords】optical display; polarizer; protective film; acrylate; pressure sensitive adhesive

Research and application of polyurethane modified asphalt in wet desulfurization chimney

Liu Dezhong¹, Zhang Yong², Huang Desheng¹, Deng Tao¹, Yan Qingjiang¹

（1.China Energy Group Baoqing Power Generation Co., Ltd., Shaoyang  422100, Hunan, China;2.China Energy Group Hunan Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changsha  4100007, Hunan, China）

【Abstract】Wet desulfurization technology is widely used in coal-fired power plants, but the treated flue gas still corrodes the inner wall of the chimney. A polyurethane modified asphalt was developed in this study aimed at improving the anti-corrosion performance of chimney lining. Firstly, a dense three-dimensional network structure was formed through the interaction between asphalt, polyols, fillers, and polyisocyanates to block corrosive media, thus elucidating its anti-corrosion mechanism. The performance tests showed that the modified material with a 20% asphalt ratio exhibited excellent mechanical properties under normal conditions, with the tensile strength of 3.1 MPa, the shear strength of 2.88 MPa, and the elongation at break of 314%. After being corroded by acid solutions of different concentrations, the retention rate of various properties could still be maintained at around 95%. The rheological test results confirmed that the material had good shear thinning behavior and a long operable time, with excellent construction performance. Finally, through the practical application of a power plant chimney anti-corrosion renovation project, a segmented anti-corrosion design was adopted to further verify the excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and construction convenience of the polyurethane modified asphalt under harsh operating conditions, providing an effective material solution for the long-term corrosion resistance of wet desulfurization chimney.

【Keywords】wet desulfurization; asphalt; polyurethane modified asphalt; corrosion resistance

Material Science

Preparation and performance testing of superhydrophobic coatings

Zhang Jinguang¹,Li Lu¹,Zhao Shengnan¹, Chen Zhi², Wang Sheng², Zhu Shihui²

（1.State Grid Henan Extra High Voltage Company, Zhengzhou  450048, Henan, China; 2.Wuhan Shuneng New Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhan  430080, Hubei, China）

【Abstract】In response to the shortcomings of traditional superhydrophobic coatings in terms of corrosion resistance and aging resistance, a new superhydrophobic coatings was proposed and prepared in this paper. By optimizing the ratio of superhydrophobic silicone dioxide, epoxy resin, and coupling agent, the optimal preparation process parameters were obtained. The research results showed that when the mass fraction of superhydrophobic silicone dioxide was 15% (relative to the total mass, the same below), the mass fraction of epoxy resin was 40%, and the mass fraction of coupling agent was 8%, the contact angle of the prepared superhydrophobic coatings reached 159°, and the rolling angle was less than 2°, exhibiting good superhydrophobic performance. Further analysis was conducted on the performance of the optimized superhydrophobic coatings. After 112 d of simulated outdoor exposure to sunlight and rain, 90 d of raindrop erosion, 30 d of immersion in corrosive solution, or 56 d of UV irradiation, the contact angle and rolling angle of the superhydrophobic coatings did not change significantly. The self-cleaning performance, salt spray resistance, and moisture and heat resistance met the design requirements, demonstrating excellent superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning performance, weather resistance, and aging resistance, which could be widely used in various climatic conditions and regions.

【Keywords】super hydrophobic performance; nano material; contact angle; rolling angle; durability